Failure to comply with the FinCEN AML rule can result in significant civil and criminal penalties under the Bank Secrecy Act.

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Civil penalties can reach up to $250,000 per violation, or twice the value of the transaction involved, and may also include additional penalties for continuing violations. In cases of willful non-compliance, criminal penalties can include fines of up to $500,000 and imprisonment for up to 10 years, with penalties increasing if the violation is part of a broader pattern of illegal activity.